Well no... JavaScript was first introduced in 1995 and it was submitted for standardisation in 1996, the result of which was the ECMA-262 specification. As such, JavaScript is a superset of ECMA-262, whilst at the same time it extends the latest edition with features not seen in other languages that conform to ECMAScript. ActionScript, however, is based on ECMA-262.

Java, on the other hand, was released in 1995 after four years of development, and is based on C/C++. JavaScript shares superficial similarities, such as syntax (influenced by C), names and naming conventions. The only reason it's called JavaScript is because Netscape did a deal with Sun that bundled the Java runtime with the Netscape browser.

I think that the reason many of these languages have a similar syntax is because JavaScript was influenced by the C syntax like Java, and itself influenced ECMAScript, which is what a few languages are based on.